Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate the transcription of genes by controlling the rate of RNA synthesis. They can act as activators or repressors, depending on whether they promote or inhibit gene expression. Transcription factors play a critical role in various cellular processes, including development, differentiation, and response to environmental stimuli. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which transcription factors regulate gene expression and how dysregulation of transcription factors can lead to diseases such as cancer. Additionally, researchers study the potential therapeutic applications of targeting transcription factors to modulate gene expression in various diseases.